Obstetrics and Gynaecology are the two surgical specialties dealing with the female reproductive organs.

Obstetrics is the surgical speciality dealing with the care of a woman and her offspring during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (the period shortly after birth). In obstetric practice, an obstetrician sees a pregnant woman on a regular basis to check the progress of the pregnancy, to verify the absence of ex-novo disease, to monitor the state of preexisting disease and its possible effect on the ongoing pregnancy.

Gynaecology refers to the surgical specialty dealing with health of the female reproductive system (uterus, vagina and ovaries). Gynaecology is typically considered a consultant specialty.